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BODY TYPES - TYPES OF BODY MESOMORPH, ENDOMORPH, ECTOMORPH

BODY  TYPES Everyone is born with a specific body type and body shape. Depending upon one's genetics, as well as one's exercise routine and diet, one's body shape may be quite different from others. HIPPOCRATES   ( BEFORE 400 B.C ) the Greek physician was perhaps the first to classify people on the basis of certain body characteristics.   He designed two fundamental physical types are following:-  Phthisic Habitus :- Long, thin body and Dominated by the vertical Dimensions. Apoplectic Habitus :- Short, thin individual, strong in Horizontal Dimensions. HALL (1779) recognized four body types :-  ABDOMINAL  MUSCULAR  THORACIC    (long slender) NERVOUS      (cephalic)  ERNST KRETSCHMER   his technique of body classification received with eminence in 1925, revived the Greek terms :-  Pyknic :- Stocky, fat, compact and round body. Asthenic   :- Thin, small, weak, slender build without strength.  Athletic :- Robust  and heavy musculat
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LEVER IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

LEVER :-

  • Lever is defined as a rigid bar in nature use to overcome resistance. Force or effort is applied in other end weight or resistance other end. 
  • A lever is mechanical device to produce turning motion around an axis of rotation.
                 

                                        PARTS OF A LEVER


  1. Fulcrum and the Axis
  2. Force or Power
  3. Weight or resistance
  4. Force arm - the distance between fulcrum to the point of application of force.
  5. Weight arm - the distance between fulcrum to the center of weight.  

                                                              
                

                                           TYPES OF LEVER          


  1. CLASS 1 LEVER
  2. CLASS 2 LEVER
  3. CLASS 3 LEVER 



CLASS 1 LEVER 
  • In the first class lever, where the fulcrum is placed between the effort or force arm the resistance or load arm.
  • FOR EXAMPLE:- Head resting on vertical column, where skull (resistance), occipital bone and atlas (fulcrum) and muscle of back (effort).
See the source image

CLASS 2 LEVER 

  • In the second class lever, where the resistance arm is in between the fulcrum and the effort or force arm.    
  • In the second class lever, the force arm is always longer than the resistance arm.
  • FOR EXAMPLE:- Raising on toes, where body weight (resistance), ball of the foot (fulcrum) and calf muscle (effort).
See the source image

CLASS 3 LEVER 
  • In the third class lever, where the effort arm is in between the fulcrum and the resistance arm.
  • In third class lever, the weight or resistance arm is always longer than force arm.
  • FOR EXAMPLE:- Forearm Flexion. 

See the source image
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