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BODY TYPES - TYPES OF BODY MESOMORPH, ENDOMORPH, ECTOMORPH

BODY  TYPES Everyone is born with a specific body type and body shape. Depending upon one's genetics, as well as one's exercise routine and diet, one's body shape may be quite different from others. HIPPOCRATES   ( BEFORE 400 B.C ) the Greek physician was perhaps the first to classify people on the basis of certain body characteristics.   He designed two fundamental physical types are following:-  Phthisic Habitus :- Long, thin body and Dominated by the vertical Dimensions. Apoplectic Habitus :- Short, thin individual, strong in Horizontal Dimensions. HALL (1779) recognized four body types :-  ABDOMINAL  MUSCULAR  THORACIC    (long slender) NERVOUS      (cephalic)  ERNST KRETSCHMER   his technique of body classification received with eminence in 1925, revived the Greek terms :-  Pyknic :- Stocky, fat, compact and round body. Asthenic   :- Thin, small, weak, slender build without strength.  Athletic :- Robust  and heavy musculat
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PHYSICAL FITNESS

MEANING OF PHYSICAL FITNESS 

                  Physical fitness is ability of an individual to carry out daily tasks without undue fatigue. It refers to optimum functioning capacity of system and organs of human body. It is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations and daily activities. 

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PHYSICAL FITNESS OF AN INDIVIDUAL  :-

  • To carry out tasks without undue fatigue. ( DAVIS, BULL , ROSCOE AND ROSCOE 1994).
  • Sufficient energy to be spared for leisure time activities.
  • And have some energy for emergency.

                             Physical Fitness is achieved through daily routine which includes proper nutrition, moderate-vigorous physical exercise, sufficient rest and positive lifestyle habits. 




DEFINITIONS  OF  PHYSICAL  FITNESS


  • According to DAVID. R. LAMB (1984) :-  Physical fitness is the capacity to meet the present and potential physical challenges of life with success. 

  • According to KROLES :- Successful adaptation to the stresses of one's lifestyle. 


COMPONENTS  OF  PHYSICAL  FITNESS 

Physical fitness is not based on one variable but on a variety of different fitness components. There are total eleven physical fitness components those divided into two categories. The five components are called the health related physical fitness components and the other six components are called the skill related physical fitness components.


     LIST OF THE FIVE HEALTH RELATED FITNESS COMPONENTS :-


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  • CARDIO-VASCULAR EFFICIENC
  • MUSCULAR STRENGTH 
  • MUSCULAR ENDURANCE
  • FLEXIBILITY
  • BODY COMPOSITION



    LIST OF THE SIX SKILL RELATED FITNESS COMPONENTS :-

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  • AGILITY
  • BALANCE
  • CO-ORDINATION
  • POWER
  • SPEED
  • REACTION TIME

THE  HEALTH  RELATED  FITNESS  COMPONENTS  DESCRIBED  BELOW  :-

  • CARDIOVASCULAR  EFFICIENCY  :-  It involves heart, lungs and blood vessels to transport sufficient oxygen in our body. Cardiovascular efficiency allows people to participate in vigorous aerobics exercise for long periods of time without undue fatigue.
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  • MUSCULAR  STRENGTH  :-  It is ability of an individual to overcome from resistance. It refers to maximum amount of force that a muscle or muscle group can exert during a single contraction. A physical fit person possesses enough muscular strength to lift and move their own body weight without undue stress or injury.

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  • MUSCULAR  ENDURANCE  :- It is the ability of an individual to maintained a pace / activity for longer duration without undue fatigue. It is the capacity and degree of resistance of the individual against fatigue and against the unfriendly or unfavorable condition. 
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  •  FLEXIBILITY   :-  It refers to range of motion around articulation (joints) or maximum range of movement possible at a joint.
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  • BODY  COMPOSITION   :- It refers to the amount of body fat percentage and lean body mass. Generally, to be considered  physically fit, a male need to have between 10 and 20 percent body fat, while a physically fit female has to have between 18 and 22 percent body fat. Best methods for body compositions assessments is Hydro-static Weighing  (under  water weighing).
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THE SKILL RELATED FITNESS COMPONENTS DESCRIBED BELOW  



  • AGILITY :- It is the ability to change the position or direction of the body quickly and accurately. 
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  • BALANCE :- It is the ability to maintain equilibrium while moving (dynamic) or while stationary. 
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  • CO-ORDINATION  :- It refers to economy of the movement while two or more body parts can perform a motor task. The co-ordination abilities mainly depend on central nervous system (CNS). The ability to execute motor tasks such as running (hand-leg co-ordination), hitting a tennis ball (eye-hand co-ordination) and locking soccer ball (eye-leg co-ordination)  quickly and accurately. 
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  • POWER  :- It is the ability to deliver a force with strength and speed. 
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  • REACTION  TIME  :-  It is the between a stimulus being administered and the beginning of the reaction to that stimulus.
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  • SPEED  :-  It is the ability to move the body quickly. 
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